ABSTRACT
Ocimum sanctum (Lamiaceae) commonly known as tulsi, is well known for its excellent nutritional and medicinal values throughout the world. The present study was undertaken to test the effect of methanolic extract of Ocimum sanctum leaves (50, 100 and 200mg/kg, p.o) on psychosis employing Ketamine induced stereotypic behaviour in mice and Pole climbing avoidance in rats. Haloperidol (1mg/kg, i.p.) and Olanzapine (5mg/kg, i.p.) are established antipsychotic drugs used as standard drugs in the present study. Effect of methanolic extract of Ocimum sanctum leaves (OS), on brain dopamine levels was also estimated. Methanolic extract of Ocimum sanctum leaves (50, 100 and 200mg/kg, p.o), significantly reduced the Ketamine induced falling, weaving, head bobbing and turning behavior in mice. Furthermore, it significantly delayed the latency time taken by the rats to climb the pole. Haloperidol (1mg/kg; i.p.) and Olanzapine (5mg/kg, i.p.) significantly reduced the Ketamine induced stereotypic behavior in mice and condition avoidance behavior in rats. Interestingly, Brain dopamine level was significantly reduced by methanolic extract of Ocimum sanctum leaves. These findings, when taken together indicate that methanolic extract of Ocimum sanctum leaves possesses anti-psychotic like property.
ABSTRACT
Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is regarded as a potentially malignant condition. It is characterized by a mucosal rigidity of variable intensity because of the fibroelastic changes of the juxta epithelial layer, resulting in a progressive inability to open the mouth. Oral submucous fibrosis can cause fibrosis and degeneration of tubal and paratubal muscles extending to nasopharynx causing alteration in eustachian tube function. So, this study was carried out with an aim to determine the effect of OSMF on the function of the eustachian tube. Materials and Methods: 80 ears of 40 patients with OSMF and 40 ears of 20 normal persons had undergone audiometry and tympanometry after a thorough history taking and clinical examination. Results: Out of the 80 ears in the OSMF group, Type A curve in 44 (55%) ears. Type As 13 (16.3%) ears, type Ad in 7 (8.8%) ears, type B in 9 (11.3%) and type C in 7 (8.8%) ears (Table 3, Graph 2). The control group showed type A curve in all individuals. On pure tone audiometry (PTA) of study group hearing was found to be normal in 47 (58%) ears; mild hearing loss was found in 28 (35%) ears and moderate hearing loss in 5 (6.3%) ears while it was normal in all subjects in the control group. When tympanometry curves were compared in different groups of oral submucous fibrosis (according to Khanna et al), a significant relation was found. Type A curve was decreased as the group progress from 1 to 4 while reverse was true for type As, Ad and C curve with significant value of .0009. Conclusion: The data obtained were analyzed statistically using chi-square test, which suggested a significant association between different stages of OSMF and eustachian tube function. Therefore, it can be concluded that eustachian tube function may be affected in OSMF.
ABSTRACT
Early detection and management of potentially malignant oral lesions can significantly reduce progression of these lesions into invasive cancer, and would thus reduce morbidity and fatality rate. Cancerous and potentially malignant lesions show dysplastic feature which is mostly detected by biopsy. However, biopsy has a certain constraints like (i) biopsy can cause delay in the result, (ii) experienced pathologist must expound the biopsy sample (iii) sometimes can cause spread of cancer cells, (iv) cannot be done repeatedly. Therefore, in potentially malignant lesions and cancer optical coherence tomography (OCT) is utilized to detect early dysplastic changes. Therefore, we are presenting a review on the applications of OCT in oral mucosal lesions.